Applied SCAP
A presentation at Red Hat Summit 2014 in in San Francisco, CA, USA by Shawn Wells
Applied SCAP Shawn Wells Director, Innovation Programs Red Hat Public Sector shawn@redhat.com Jeff Blank Technical Director, Network Components & Applications Division, NSA Information Assurance Directorate blank@eclipse.ncsc.mil
45 MINUTES, 3 GOALS (+15 MIN Q&A) 1. Detail Security Automation Technology + Initiatives • • • Native Tooling Configuration Compliance Evolving Remediation Capabilities [ OpenSCAP ] [ SCAP Security Guide ] [ currently, bash + puppet ]
45 MINUTES, 3 GOALS (+15 MIN Q&A) 1. Detail Security Automation Technology + Initiatives • • • Native Tooling Configuration Compliance Evolving Remediation Capabilities [ OpenSCAP ] [ SCAP Security Guide ] [ currently, bash + puppet ] 2. Live Demo • Configuration Compliance Scanning • Patch & Vulnerability Scanning • Certification/Accreditation Paperwork Generation
45 MINUTES, 3 GOALS (+15 MIN Q&A) 1. Detail Security Automation Technology + Initiatives • • • Native Tooling Configuration Compliance Evolving Remediation Capabilities [ OpenSCAP ] [ SCAP Security Guide ] [ currently, bash + puppet ] 2. Live Demo • Configuration Compliance Scanning • Patch & Vulnerability Scanning • Certification/Accreditation Paperwork Generation 3. Discuss Roadmap (Gov’t Plans, Packaging, Future Profiles)
FIRST, AN SCAP PRIMER • A family of specifications managed by NIST • Really a bunch of XML schema • • • which are data formats so not a protocol at all, it turns out openly defined, community developed, and evolving … So, what kind of data do these formats organize?
FIRST, AN SCAP PRIMER • Defines standardized formats … okay, but why bother? • Because you’ll get: • • Standardized inputs (e.g. a compliance baseline, status query) Standardized outputs (results) • Provides the enterprise liberty with regard to product choices • • • Avoids vendor lock-in, enables interoperability Provides common technical position to vendors Federal procurement language requires SCAP support in some cases
SCAP Security Guide https://fedorahosted.org/scap-security-guide/
Contributors Include…
In A Nutshell, SCAP Security Guide… … has had 2,408 commits from 36 contributors, representing 224,872 lines of code … took an estimated 43 years of effort (COCOMO model) … has become upstream for all Red Hat STIGs, NIST NVD for JBoss, NSA’s RHEL SNAC Guides
DISA STIG, Version 1, Release 2, Section 1.1: “The consensus content was developed using an open source project called SCAP Security Guide. The project’s website is https://fedorahosted.org/scap-security-guide/. Except for differences in formatting to accommodate the DISA STIG publishing process, the content of the RHEL6 STIG should mirror the SCAP Security Guide content with only minor divergences as updates from multiple sources work through the consensus process”
RHEL 5 STIG: RHEL 6 STIG: RHEL 7 STIG:
RHEL 5 STIG: RHEL 6 STIG: RHEL 7 STIG: 1,988 DAYS
RHEL 5 STIG: 1,988 DAYS RHEL 6 STIG: 932 DAYS RHEL 7 STIG:
RHEL 5 STIG: 1,988 DAYS RHEL 6 STIG: 932 DAYS RHEL 7 STIG: +/- 90 DAYS
TECH + INITIATIVES Native Tooling, Configuration Compliance, Evolving Remediation Capabilities
TOOLS vs CONTENT
OpenSCAP
SCAP ACRONYM: XCCDF • eXtensible Configuration Checklist Description Format Human(ish) readable, format for configuration <Rule>s <Rule>s selected to form <Profile>s • • • <refine-value>s
SCAP ACRONYM: OVAL • Open Vulnerability and Assessment Language • • Specifies how to get information about system configuration Stores it in a structured, well defined format
XCCDF PROFILES • Shipping as of 16-APR-2014: • C2S: Commercial baseline derived from CIS v1.2.0 [1] (go google “Amazon C2S”…) • CS2: RHEL6 baseline example for Intelligence Community • CSCF: NRO’s Centralized Super Computer Facility (CSCF) Baseline (cross domain controls from CNSSI 1253) • STIG: U.S. DoD RHEL6 baseline, produced by DISA FSO [1] https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/tools2/linux/CIS_Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux_6_Benchmark_v1.2.0.pdf
REMEDIATION CAPABILITIES • Bash first <fix system=”urn:xccdf:fix:script:sh”> yum -y install screen </fix>
REMEDIATION CAPABILITIES • Bash first • Soon(ish), puppet <fix-group id=”puppet-clip” system=”urn:xccdf:fix:script:puppet xmlns=”http://checklists.nist.gov/xccdf/1.1”> <fix rule=”disable_vsftp”>class vsftp</fix> <fix rule=”package_aide_installed”>class aide</fix> </fix-group>
<result>Error</result> <rule-result idref=”xccdf_moc.elpmaxe.www_rule_1” time=”2013-03-22T19:15:11” weight=”1.000000”> ” “<result>error</result> ” “<message severity=”info”> ” ” “Fix execution comleted and returned: 1 ” “</message> ” “<message severity=”info”> ” ” “Loaded plugins: auto-update-debuginfo, langpacks, presto, ” ” “refresh-packagekit ” ” “You need to be root to perform this command. ” “</message> </rule-result>”
<result>Fixed</result> <rule-result idref=”xccdf_moc.elpmaxe.www_rule_1” time=”2014-03-22T19:16:03” weight=”1.000000”> <result>fixed</result> <message severity=”info”>Fix execution completed and returned: 0</message> <message severity=”info”> …. Remove 1 Package Installed size: 53 k Downloading Packages: Running Transaction Check Running Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Erasing : 1:telnet-server-0.17-51.fc16.x86_64 1/1 Verifying : 1:telnet-server-0.17-51.fc16.x86_64 1/1 Removed: telnet-server.x86_64 1:0.17-51.fc16 </message>
REMEDIATION REVIEW • Bash first • Soon(ish), puppet • Reference Šimon Lukašík’s blog for a great write-up: http://isimluk.livejournal.com/3573.html • Thank you Peter Vrabec & Martin Preisler for the work on OpenSCAP!
LIVE DEMO Patch & vuln. Scanning, configuration baseline scanning, Certification & Accreditation Paperwork Generation
ROADMAP Gov’t Initiatives, SSG Packaging, Future Profiles
Government Initiatives • Continuous Diagnostics and Mitigations (CDM) http://www.dhs.gov/cdm • SCAP path forward • Evaluation + Configuration activities for Certification and Accreditation
RPM Packaging • Currently in EPEL, both Fedora and RHEL (thank you, Jan Lieskovsky!) • SSG scheduled to ship in RHEL 6.6 • https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1038655 • RHEL 7 GA
SCAP + Anaconda Integration • <fix> elements targeting installation process • Kickstart support allowing specification of SCAP content • UI screen(s) that provide ways to set values • Project started as Vratislav Podzimek’s masters thesis http://is.muni.cz/th/324874/fi_m/?lang=en (thanks, Vratislav!) • https://fedorahosted.org/oscap-anaconda-addon/
SCAP + Anaconda Integration ( 1 / 3)
SCAP + Anaconda Integration ( 2 / 3 )
SCAP + Anaconda Integration ( 3 / 3 )
SCAP Workbench GUI tool that serves as an SCAP scanner and provides tailoring functionality. Primary Goals: • Lower the initial barrier of using SCAP. • Great for hand-tuning content before enterprise deployment (e.g. via spacewalk/RHN Satellite) https://fedorahosted.org/scap-workbench/
SCAP Workbench ( 1 / 2 )
SCAP Workbench ( 2 / 2 )
38
SUPPLEMENTAL Helpful Links
Helpful Links (to community projects) • SCAP Security Guide: https://fedorahosted.org/scap-security-guide/ • OpenSCAP: http://open-scap.org/ • OSCAP Anaconda: https://fedorahosted.org/oscap-anaconda-addon/ • SCAP Workbench: https://fedorahosted.org/scap-workbench/
Helpful Links (to government baselines) • DISA’s Security Technical Implementation Guides (STIGs) http://iase.disa.mil/stigs/ • NIST National Checklist Program Repository http://web.nvd.nist.gov/view/ncp/repository • NSA Security Configuration Guides http://www.nsa.gov/ia/mitigation_guidance/security_configuration_guides/
Helpful Links (to communities of interest) • Red Hat’s Government Security User Group (gov-sec) http://www.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/gov-sec • Military Open Source Software (Mil-OSS) http://mil-oss.org/
Replicating the Demo - Assumes RHEL 6 and EPEL already enabled! - Assumes httpd installed, DocumentRoot /var/www/html/ - My IP was 10.211.55.3. Change as appropriate. - This is meant to replicate the demo, not fully explain it. Come to Summit next year!
Step 1: Install $ yum install scap-security-guide $ rpm –ql scap-security-guide … /usr/share/doc/scap-security-guide-0.1/rhel6-guide.html … /usr/share/man/en/man8/scap-security-guide.8.gz … /usr/share/xml/scap/ssg/content … /usr/share/xml/scap/ssg/content/ssg-rhel6-ds.xml
Step 2: Review Prose Guide $ cp /usr/share/doc/scap-security-guide-0.1/*.html /var/www/html $ firefox http://10.211.55.3/rhel6-guide.html - Review “Check Procedure,” “Security Identifiers,” “References”
Step 3: JBoss, too! $ firefox http://10.211.55.3/JBossEAP5_Guide.html
Step 4: XCCDF vs DATASTREAMS $ grep “<Profile” /usr/share/xml/scap/ssg/content/ssg-rhel6-ds.xml <Profile id=”xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_profile_CS2”> <Profile id=”xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_profile_stig-rhel6-server-upstream”> $ grep “<Profile” /usr/share/xml/scap/ssg/content/ssg-rhel6-xccdf.xml <Profile id=”CS2”> <Profile id=”stig-rhel6-server-upstream”>
Step 5: Run a scan! $ sudo oscap xccdf eval —profile C2S \ —cpe /usr/share/xml/scap/ssg/content/ssg-rhel6-cpe-dictionary.xml \ —report /var/www/html/summit-report.html \ —results /var/www/html/summit-results.xml \ /usr/share/xml/scap/ssg/content/ssg-rhel6-xccdf.xml Console Output: • Pass • Fail • “notchecked”: (a) not applicable; (b) no OVAL associated … and unclear which reason!
Step 6: HTML Results $ firefox /var/www/html/summit-report.html
Step 6: HTML Results
Step 6: HTML Results
Step 7: XML Results $ firefox /var/www/html/summit-results.xml /CCE-27024-9
Step 8: Remediation /CCE-27024-9 (ß type that again) note the <fix> tag!
Step 8: Remediation $ oscap xccdf generate fix —result-id xccdf_org.open-scap_testresult_C2S \ /var/www/html/summit-results.xml \ > /var/www/html/summit-script.sh.txt
Co-presented with Jeff Blank of NSA Information Assurance on security automation technologies, and provided a live demo of OpenSCAP, SCAP Security Guide, and configuration compliance scanning.
